![]() ![]() It would be like sitting at a party and not being able to hear the person next to you because there’s so much background chatter. Auditory figure-ground discrimination: The ability to focus on the important sounds in a noisy setting.The words seventy and seventeen may sound alike, for instance. Auditory discrimination: The ability to notice, compare and distinguish between distinct and separate sounds.Children with APD can have weaknesses in one, some or all of these areas: The symptoms can range from mild to severe. There are several kinds of auditory processing issues. Some cases in adults have also been linked to age-related changes in the ability of the brain to process sounds and progressive conditions affecting the nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis. In adults and children, the condition may be associated with damage to the brain from a head injury, stroke, brain tumour or meningitis. It may also be caused by a genetic defect, as some cases seem to run in families. In children, the condition may occur after a persistent hearing problem at a young age, such as glue ear, which has since passed but has had a permanent effect on how the brain processes sound. Sometimes a possible underlying factor is identified, but not always. Early diagnosis is important, because when the condition isn’t caught and treated early, a child can have speech and language delays or problems learning in schoolĮxactly what causes auditory processing disorder isn’t fully understood. With the right therapy, kids with APD can be successful in school and life. Something interferes with the way the brain recognizes and interprets sounds, especially speech. Kids with this condition can’t process what they hear in the same way other kids do because their ears and brain don’t fully coordinate. This observation is intriguing for two reasons: (i) spectro tempo ral dissociation in the auditory domain provides a basic neural mechanism for the segregation of sounds, a fundamental prerequisite for auditory figure-ground discrimination and (ii) the existence of similar types of RF organization in visual and auditory cortex would support the existence of a common canonical processing algorithm within cortical columns.Auditory processing disorder (APD), also known as central auditory processing disorder (CAPD), is a hearing problem that affects about 5% of school-aged children. Here we report that response profiles of neurons in primary auditory cortex of monkeys show a similar distinction: one group of cells has segregated ON and OFF subregions in frequency space and another group shows ON and OFF responses within largely overlapping response profiles. Although other definitions based on the linearity of response modulation have been proposed later, the segregation of ON and OFF subregions has remained an important criterion for the distinction between simple and complex cells. ![]() Simple cells were originally defined by the existence of segregated subregions within their RF that respond to either the on-or offset of a light bar and by spatial summation within each of these regions, whereas complex cells had ON and OFF regions that were coextensive in space. Receptive fields (RFs) of neurons in primary visual cortex have traditionally been subdivided into two major classes: "simple" and "complex" cells. ![]()
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